1. Please choose one of the following two terms: social contract or naive realism. Please define the term, give a concrete example and state its significance in the context of the course material. Please limit your answer to 3-5 sentences.

2. Please choose one of the following two terms: head of state or head of government. Please define the term, give a concrete example and state its significance in the context of the course material. Please limit your answer to 3-5 sentences.

3. Please choose one of the following two terms: planned obsolescence or perceived obsolescence. Please define the term, give a concrete example and state its significance in the context of the course material. Please limit your answer to 3-5 sentences.

4. Please choose one of the following two terms: confirmation bias or third person effect. Please define the term, give a concrete example of when you have been guilty of this bias/effect, and state its significance in the context of the course material. Please limit your answer to 3-5 sentences.

Short answer Qs: (Pick one to write from option 1& 2) (1-2 paragraph)

For this short answer question, you have two options (see below). Whichever question you choose, I recommend writing at least one probably two paragraphs to answer the question. Please note that I will be using a plagiarism software to make sure that your answers are your own and are not taken from the internet. If you quote the reading, which is encouraged, please cite the author and page number–e.g., (Van Belle, 193).

1. Option 1: Compare and contrast pure capitalism and pure socialism. Who controls the means of production in each? What are the strengths and weaknesses of each? Which elements of each do we have in the United States? Finally, what is the “yin and yang of capitalism and socialism”? Please be specific.

Option 2: According to Marx, what is the fatal flaw of capitalism? What is imperialism, and according to Lenin, how does imperialism help explain why capitalism has not yet self-destructed? What else helps explain the staying power of capitalism? Please be specific.

2. Option 1: What is green consumption?According to James Gustave Speth, there are four limits on green consumption: what are they? Please identify and in a sentence or two give an example of each of these limits. What does Speth suggest is a more sustainable and better alternative than green consumption? Why? Do you agree? Why or why not?

Option 2: According to Annie Leonard, all consumer products go through a “materials flow cycle.” What are the five steps in this cycle? Which step gets the most attention and which steps are glossed over or ignored in our market economy? Why is it important to the health of the environment that we pay attention to the rest of the materials flow cycle? Please be specific.

3. Option 1: What is civil disobedience and why is it controversial? Compare and contrast Abraham Lincoln and Martin Luther King’s views on civil disobedience. What are the strongest arguments on either side and which do you agree with more? Why? Please be specific.

Option 2: Compare and contrast patriotism of affirmation and patriotism of dissent. Both—albeit in different ways—are important to the health of our democracy. How so? Taken to their extreme both can also be bad for the health of our democracy. How so? Please be specific.

4. Option 1: Compare and contrast income inequality, wealth inequality, and socio-economic mobility. How is the United States doing in each of these areas—both compared to itself twenty-five years ago and to other advanced democracies? Please be specific.

Option 2: According to Wilkinson, how does inequality harm societies? What evidence does he rely on to support his arguments? Do you find his arguments convincing? Why or why not?

5. According to Van Belle, there is a “near-universal contempt for government,” and yet “people repeatedly create, sustain, and submit to it, despite their professed dislike for it.” Why? What is the impetus for government? Specifically, what are the things that governments do and/or provide that help justify their existence? Please be specific and give examples to illustrate your understanding.

I recommend writing at least one probably two paragraphs to answer this question. Please note that I will be using a plagiarism software to make sure that your answers are your own and are not taken from the internet. If you quote the reading, which is encouraged, please cite the author and page number–e.g., (Van Belle, 193).

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