STUDENT1:

What were the main issues in the various culture wars of the 1980s and 1990s? Why were those struggles so intense?

Hi class,

“Culture wars” is a term used to describe the conflict in America revolving around various social and political issues that marked a significant up rise of liberal and secular views in strong opposition to the traditional conservative and religious values that had ruled the majority of American life. Although the phrase had been coined previously, it was Pat Buchanan’s 1992 speech at the Republican National Convention that really put the phrase into the national limelight. Buchanan believed that there was “a religious war going on in our country for the soul of America” (Henretta, p. 919). Some of the issues in conflict were abortion, affirmative action, federal and state gun laws, feminism, global warming, immigration, separation of church and state, privacy, recreational drug use, homosexuality, and censorship. The two main sources of contention were abortion and homosexuality.

The struggles between conservatives and liberals on these issues were so intense because it was a battle of core values among the two groups. On one hand you had traditional religious conservatives with their strong beliefs in divine morality and on the other hand you had the liberals with their strong belief in liberty, freedom and equality. With abortion, conservatives feel that the unborn child is a person and to kill them is morally wrong, while liberals feel that a woman should have control of her own body. Conservatives feel that marriage is reserved for a man and a woman as described in the bible, while liberals feel that restricting who one can marry is discriminatory. When there is no middle ground to be found on an issue like abortion and homosexuality, there are bound to be some heated debates on the issue.

Robert

Works Cited:

Henretta, James A. (2016). America: A Concise History, Volume 2, 6th Edition. Bedford/St. Martin’s. VitalBook file.

STUDENT2:

Explain how, having lost the popular vote in 2000, Bush nevertheless became president.

The 2000 election was one that went down in history as one of the closest and most controversial of all time. Al Gore, President Clintons Vice-President ran against Texas Governor George W. Bush. Before the election even started public opinion surveys showed that the race between the two would be extremely close. There were 538 electoral votes available in the 2000 election. Meaning the winner would need a 270 votes to win the election. When the votes were all tallied is when the election went from not only close but controversial.

Gore won the popular vote accumulating 50.9 million votes while Bush earned 50.4 million votes. A lot of people would think that the election should be over, Gore wins right? Wrong. When the American people vote they are not directly electing the next President. When the people vote they are in fact voting for electors. The number of electors in each state is based on the size of its congressional delegation, which is based off population. Even though Gore won the popular vote neither Gore nor Bush won a majority of the electoral votes. Mostly because Green Party runner Ralph Nader acquired key votes away from Gore in critical states that would have won Gore the election.

On election night Bush appeared to have won Florida by the narrowest of margins, and in turn went from decided to undecided, saying that the votes were too close to call. This was very significant because Florida had enough electoral votes to make either candidate win the election. The state votes also became the subject of controversy because Bush’s brother Jeb was the Governor of Florida at the time. Another controversial part of the votes was the voting machines. The machines had not fully punched out the paper making the vote choice unreadable. Furthermore, those unreadable ballots had to be looked at by hand to determine the vote, a task that was overseen by Secretary of State and chief election officer, Katherine Harris that just so happened to be Bush’s campaign leader there.

The democrats demanded recounts in several counties in the state. After a month of commotion the U.S Supreme Court ordered the recount stopped and awarded Bush victory in the election. The Supreme Court determined that recounting the votes without a consistent standard to determine voter intentions violated the voters Fourteenth Amendment’s equal protection clause. The confusion and controversy surrounding this election was definitely one for the history books.

“American History: Bush Wins Over Gore in Contested 2000 Election.” Learning English. N.p., 22 Aug. 2012. Web. 12 June 2017.

Henretta, James A. America: A Concise History, Volume 2, 6th Edition. Bedford/St. Martin’s, 9/2016.

STUDENT 3:

Define globalization. Why did it occur? What has been its impact in different parts of the world?

Globalization what is and what does it mean for us as a nation. This is the process where different nation’s citizens interact and the integration of themselves, companies, and their governments, globalization is driven by international trade and investment and is aided by information technology. The effect of globalizations has its effects on a nation’s environment, culture, political systems, the economic development, and the prosperity of that nation. (The Levin Institute, 2016)

Globalization is not consider new by any means to us as a human race. We have been doing the basic principles of globalization for thousands of years and now not only people in face to face exchanges, but corporations as a whole. A great example of this would be the Silk Road that extended across Central Asia. The Silk Road connected China and Europe during the time known as the Middle Ages. This process continued on for centuries to come until now present day this process still takes place. Many of the waves that occurred before the World War I are the same in today’s current globalization waves. (The Levin Institute, 2016)

Though thanks to policy and technological advancements in the last few decades has fast forwarded cross border trade, investment, and migration in such a large increase that experts believe that the world has reached a new phase of economic development. A good example is since 1950, that the world trade volume has increased exponentially at least 20 times. From the years 1997 to 1999 foreign investment had nearly doubled, from $468 billion to $827 Billion. To show the distinguishing differences from globalization of the past and current globalization is that it has become where it reaches farther, faster, cheaper, and deeper into different nations. (The Levin Institute, 2016)

With the advances in technologically it has allowed globalization to transform economic life with in these different nations. This technological advances have also allowed individual economic advances; actors-consumer, investors, and business have all benefited from the technological advances of globalization. (The Levin Institute, 2016)

References:

The Levin Institute – The State University of New York Authorship. “What Is Globalization?” Globalization101. 2016. Accessed June 13, 2017. http://www.globalization101.org/what-is-globalization/.

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