GIVE THREE FACTORS WHICH WOULD BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF A LIGHT BULB.The diagram and table below compare two different light bulbs used in the home. Incandescent light bulb Fluorescent light bulb

Power rating Light brightness Time to reach full brightness Energy efficiency Lifetime Waste disposal

The diagram and table below compare two different light bulbs used in the home. Incandescent light bulb Fluorescent light bulb

Power rating Light brightness Time to reach full brightness Energy efficiency Lifetime Waste disposal

40 W ***** ***** *** *** Place in household waste

10 W ***** *** ***** ***** Specialised recycling required due to mercury content

Star rating Low = * High = *****

1. (continued) (a) Answer the following questions using information from the table. (i) Give two reasons to justify banning incandescent light bulbs from 2012. 1 2 (ii) State two disadvantages of fluorescent light bulbs. 1 2 (b) Tungsten and mercury are metals used in the manufacture of light bulbs. Are metals a renewable or non-renewable resource? Circle your choice and give a reason for your answer. Renewable Non-renewable

1 (c) In 2012 the cost of a single fluorescent light bulb was £2·50. A box of eight incandescent bulbs could be bought for £4. Calculate as a simple whole number ratio the comparative cost of a single bulb based on this information. Space for calculation

Answer: Fluorescent

:

Incandescent

1

(d) Give three factors which would be considered in the life cycle assessment of a light bulb. 1 2 3 2
1. (continued) (e) Give three ways, other than using fluorescent light bulbs, in which the use of electrical energy can be reduced in the home. 1 2 3 (f) Suggest one practice which has helped reduce energy demand in industry.
1 (g) Uses of energy and energy sources differ in economically less developed countries (ELDC) such as Malawi compared to economically more developed countries (EMDC) such as the UK. Complete the table below with: (i) two ways in which energy is used in ELDCs and two ways in which energy is used in EMDCs. (ii) one example of a renewable energy source in ELDCs and one example of a renewable energy source in EMDCs. ELDC Energy use 1 1 EMDC
Renewable energy source
(a) Environmental improvements are often brought about by initiatives at local, national and international levels. (i) Complete the table below with: one role of the Scottish Government for environmental improvement; one initiative of local authorities; one initiative at international level. Level at which environmental initiative originates Local Agency/ organisation Local Authority National Scottish Government through agencies such as SNH and SEPA International WWF

Role of agency/ organisation

Implement policies and initiatives at local level on behalf of national government

Research & monitoring of endangered species

Example of an initiative
(ii) What do the abbreviations WWF and NSA stand for? WWF NSA 1 1
2. (continued) (b) The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) is an organisation which provides environmental protection at local, national and international levels. Describe and explain the role RSPB plays in education about the environment.
2 (c) The Marine (Scotland) Act is a new piece of legislation. It introduces ways by which the marine and coastal environment in Scottish waters can be managed and protected comparable to the designation of land areas as National Parks. Suggest one impact this Act could have on coastal areas and one impact on the marine environment. 1 1 2 1 (d) The Moray Firth is a designated marine Special Area of Conservation (SAC) because of its resident population of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncates). The ‘Dolphin Space Programme’ encourages people to watch dolphins from the shore or to use cruise boats which have agreed to follow a code of conduct. This is a form of ecotourism. What is meant by ecotourism?

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