Advanced Pharmacology: at least 3 citations and matching references. Please follow the rubric points and the instructions too.

Module 2 we will explore cardiovascular and respiratory drugs.

In Week 2, we will focus on cardiovascular drugs. Please keep in mind that there are multiple drugs for these disorders, and it is important to always think about the following when evaluating a case:

· Co-morbid conditions of the patient

· Differential—how do you rule out certain conditions

· Current medications and if they dose is appropriate

· Adverse effects

· Contraindications for the patient

 The case studies for this week have been assigned. Please read through

Case Study

Patient AO has a history of obesity and has recently gained 9 pounds. The patient has been diagnosed with hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Drugs currently prescribed include the following:

· Atenolol 12.5 mg daily

· Doxazosin 8 mg daily

· Hydralazine 10 mg qid

· Sertraline 25 mg daily

· Simvastatin 80 mg daily 

To Prepare

· Review the Resources for this module and consider the impact of potential pharmacotherapeutics for cardiovascular disorders introduced in the media piece.

· Review the case study assigned by your Instructor for this Assignment.

· Select one the following factors: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, or behavior factors.

· Reflect on how the factor you selected might influence the patient’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes.

· Consider how changes in the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes might impact the patient’s recommended drug therapy.

· Think about how you might improve the patient’s drug therapy plan based on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes. Reflect on whether you would modify the current drug treatment or provide an alternative treatment option for the patient.

By Day

Write a 2- to 3-page paper that addresses the following:

· Explain how the factor you selected might influence the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes in the patient from the case study you were assigned.

· Describe how changes in the processes might impact the patient’s recommended drug therapy. Be specific and provide examples.

· Explain how you might improve the patient’s drug therapy plan and explain why you would make these recommended improvements.

Rubric and Readings

Explain how the factor you selected might influence the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes in the patient from the case study you were assigned.	23 (23%) – 25 (25%)The response accurately and completely explains in detail how the factor selected might influence the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes in the patient.	20 (20%) – 22 (22%)The response provides a basic explanation of how the factor selected might influence the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes in the patient.	18 (18%) – 19 (19%)The response inaccurately or vaguely explains how the factor selected might influence the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes in the patient.	0 (0%) – 17 (17%)The response inaccurately and vaguely explains how the factor selected might influence the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes in the patient, or is missing.
Describe how changes in the processes might impact the patient’s recommended drug therapy. Be specific and provide examples.	27 (27%) – 30 (30%)The response accurately and completely describes in detail how changes in the processes might impact the patient’s recommended drug therapy. Accurate, complete, and aligned examples are provided to support the response.	24 (24%) – 26 (26%)The response accurately describes how changes in the processes might impact the patient’s recommended drug therapy. Accurate examples may be provided to support the response.	21 (21%) – 23 (23%)The response inaccurately or vaguely describes how changes in the processes might impact the patient’s recommended drug therapy. Inaccurate or vague examples are provided to support the response.	0 (0%) – 20 (20%)The response inaccurately and vaguely describes how changes in the processes might impact the patient’s recommended drug therapy, or is missing. Inaccurate and vague examples may be provided to support the response, or is missing.
Explain how you might improve the patient’s drug therapy plan, and explain why you would make these recommended improvements.	27 (27%) – 30 (30%)The response accurately and clearly explains in detail how to improve the patient’s drug therapy plan. The response includes an accurate and detailed explanation to support the recommended improvements.	24 (24%) – 26 (26%)The response accurately explains how to improve the patient’s drug therapy plan. The response may include an accurate explanation to support the recommended improvements.	21 (21%) – 23 (23%)The response inaccurately or vaguely explains how to improve the patient’s drug therapy plan. The response may include an inaccurate, vague, or misaligned explanation to support the recommended improvements.	0 (0%) – 20 (20%)The response inaccurately and vaguely explains how to improve the patient’s drug therapy plan, or is missing. The response may include an inaccurate and vague explanation to support the recommended improvements, or is missing.
Written Expression and Formatting – Paragraph Development and Organization: Paragraphs make clear points that support well developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focused–neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance.	5 (5%) – 5 (5%)Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity.	4 (4%) – 4 (4%)Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 80% of the time.	3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%)Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 60%–79% of the time.	0 (0%) – 3 (3%)Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity less than 60% of the time.
Written Expression and Formatting – English writing standards: Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation	5 (5%) – 5 (5%)Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors	4 (4%) – 4 (4%)Contains a few (1–2) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors	3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%)Contains several (3–4) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors	0 (0%) – 3 (3%)Contains many (≥ 5) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors that interfere with the reader’s understanding
Written Expression and Formatting – The paper follows correct APA format for title page, headings, font, spacing, margins, indentations, page numbers, running head, parenthetical/in-text citations, and reference list.	5 (5%) – 5 (5%)Uses correct APA format with no errors	4 (4%) – 4 (4%)Contains a few (1–2) APA format errors	3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%)Contains several (3–4) APA format errors	0 (0%) – 3 (3%)Contains many (≥ 5) APA forma

Readings

Rosenthal, L. D., & Burchum, J. R. (2018). Lehne’s pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice providers. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.

· Chapter 34, “Review of Hemodynamics” (pp. 335–340)

· Chapter 35, “Diuretics” (pp. 341–349)

· Chapter 36, “Drugs Acting on the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System” (pp. 351–362)

· Chapter 37, “Calcium Channel Blockers” (pp. 363–369)

· Chapter 38, “Vasodilators” (pp. 371–373)

· Chapter 39, “Drugs for Hypertension” (pp. 375–388)

· Chapter 40, “Drugs for Heart Failure” (pp. 389–402)

· Chapter 41, “Antidysrhythmic Drugs” (pp. 403–418)

· Chapter 42, “Prophylaxis of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: Drugs That Help Normalize Cholesterol and Triglyceride Levels” (pp. 419–439)

· Chapter 43, “Drugs for Angina Pectoris” (pp. 441–450)

· Chapter 44, “Anticoagulant and Antiplatelet Drugs” (pp. 451–472)

 

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