Things to review and be able to answer:



What functional groups are important for making biomolecules?



What is a carbohydrate? What is its ratio and general formula?



What 2 groups of carbohydrates are there (based on size/linkages)?



What are 3 kinds of polysaccharides and what organisms can you find each

in?



What important roles (more than 1) do lipids have in living organisms?



What physical/chemical property do lipids display that makes them unique?



Where can you find lipids in a cell?



What is the purpose of DNA in a cell? What is it (ultimately) used to make?



What are 4 types (groups) of Lipids?



What makes phospholipids unique in terms of their chemistry? What physical

property do they display?



What cell structure are phospholipids important in the formation of?



What part of a triglyceride determines whether it is solid or liquid at room

temp? What about its structure changes to make it solid or liquid?



What is the most hydrophobic of all lipids?



What are 2 kinds of steroids and where can they be found in cells?



What is the 3 parts structure of DNA, and what larger structure do 2 strands

of DNA form?



What is the purpose of DNA in a cell? What is it used to make?



What jobs do proteins have in living organisms?



What is a protein composed of ?



What is the basic structure of an amino acid (how many parts does it have,

and list them)?



How many amino acids are there in total, and how many are essential? What

does essential mean?



What is the endomemebrane system? What organelles does it include? List

all of them and their basic function.



What is the difference between mitochondria and chloroplasts? Can you find

both in all eukaryotic cells? If no, where are they located?



What are the big differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? Be

able to list at least 3 differences



Differences between plant and animal cells, know at least 3 differences.



What does the cytoskeleton do? What 3 elements does it contain?



What do microfilaments do besides provide structure for a cell?



What specialized structures do microtubules form for locomotion of cells?



What is the endosymbiotic theory of eukaryotic cells?



What organelles show evidence of endosymbiosis?



Give 2 pieces of evidence for endosymbiosis of eukaryotic organelles.



What biomolecules make up the composition of cell membranes?



What 2 types of lipids are most abundant in membranes?



What role do proteins play in membranes (at least 3)?



What kinds of molecules can pass through a membrane unaided (using

diffusion)?



What kinds of molecules can’t make it through a membrane unaided?



What is a gradient?



What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis?



What happens to a cell in each of the following situations: isotonic solution,

hypotonic solution, hypertonic solution? Be able to draw a picture of a cell in

each situation and label concentrations of solutes and movement of water.



What is the difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport?



What is the reason for active transport in cells? What does this type of

transport ultimately create?



What is the difference between endocytosis and exocytosis?



What are the 2 forms of endocytosis and what is the difference between

them?



What kinds of materials are transported into and out of cells through endo

and exocytosis?



What is the relationship between homeostasis and transport of materials in

cells?



What is energy? What is work?



What are the 2 types of energy that exist?



Give a real life example of both types of energy in living systems

 

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