ANALYSIS:

The ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle proposed that humans think we have knowledge of a thing only when we have grasped its cause; we can only understand things when we have answered the question of why it is what it is. In his writing, Physics, he related the “why-question” to four types of causation:

1. The efficient cause: “the primary source of the change or rest”, e.g., in the case of why a chair might exist this is the craftsman who built the chair.
2. The material cause: “that out of which”, e.g., the chair exists because of the wood from which it is made.
3. The formal cause: “the form”, “what-is-to-be”, e.g., the chair is a chair because chairs exist.
4. The final cause: “the end, that for the sake of which a thing is done”, e.g., the chair is created as a place to sit down and relax.

RUBRIC:

The purpose of the short answer analysis questions is to show understanding of the question. Unless directed otherwise in the question, answers must address the subject in the context of its time, not in the context of the twenty-first century. Simply quoting or paraphrasing information from the textbook or an on-line source does not display an understanding of the question and will not receive full credit for an answer. The response to the question is to be clearly presented in either the topic or concluding sentence. To properly develop the answer to the question, the paragraph should include four to seven sentences and are graded on the following criteria:

1. Topic Sentence containing the main idea of the paragraph. A coherent paragraph includes the topic sentence as the first or second sentence in a paragraph. When answering a question, use the topic sentence to respond to the question.
2. Body Organization: The body of the paragraph the topic is developed step by step from introduction to conclusion with no irrelevant material. The flow of the paragraph is completely logical: the body sentences explain the topic sentence. Prove the ideas true or important with interesting, specific details.
3. Historical Understanding: The paragraph includes enough detail to help the reader understand exactly what you are writing about. Displays thorough understanding of the historical context of the subject.
4. Concluding Sentence: End with a closing sentence that refers to the main idea in the topic sentence and displays thought, originality and a thorough understanding of the subject under discussion.
5. Clarity: written in a clear, literate and scholarly fashion.
6. Original Analysis: the response must include original analysis, not a regurgitation of material from the text book.

“A” quality paragraphs meet the following criteria:

1. There is a clear concise answer to the question.
2. A well-defined topic sentence that addresses the question.
3. The paragraph is completely logical: the argument is developed step by step from the topic sentence to conclusion with no irrelevant material.
4. The paragraph is written in a clear, literate and scholarly fashion.
5. The paragraph displays thorough understanding of the question.
6. The paragraph displays thought and originality. It is not simply a statement paraphrasing information from other sources.

Responses will be marked down for the following reasons:

1. The answer is historically inaccurate or shows a poor understanding of the material.
2. Unclear and/or unsupported topic sentence.
3. Poor organization
4. Grammar that does not meet university standards of English literacy.
5. Response based on opinions rather than historical facts.
6. The response lacks originality. The paragraph is a restatement or paraphrasing of information from other sources.

In my experience, the major problem students have with this type of assignment is throwing an agglomeration disassociated sentences together that do not make up a paragraph. An answer may be included among the sentences but the paragraph lacks coherence.

Plagiarism is to take the work or ideas of someone else and pass it off as one’s own, will not be tolerated. Plagiarized papers will receive a zero. This includes material and ideas taken directly from the assigned readings. Repeated violations can result in failing the course.

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