Genetics 303Fourth exam—take home 2019Answer on SEPARATE paper, show all work, and be neat in the reporting of answers. It is easier to grade if you try tokeep the questions in sequence. STAPLE YOUR RESULTS!1. In a human population, the genotype frequencies at one locus are 0.75 AA, 0.20 Aa, and 0.05 aa. What is the frequencyof the A allele [f(A)] and a allele [f(a)] for the population? Are they in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? (5 pts)2. Calculate the number of heterozygotes in a population with p = 0.6 and q = 0.4 (at time = 0). After 4 generations ofinbreeding between siblings (F = 0.25) in a population of 650. (6 pts)3. Human albinism is an autosomal recessive trait. Suppose that you find a village in the Andes where 8/1000 of thepopulation is albino. If the population size was 1600 and the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium withrespect to this trait, how many individuals are expected to be carriers (heterozygotes)? (5pts)4. A boatload of 400 Swedish tourists, all of whom bear the MM blood group genotype, are marooned on Haldane Island,where they are met by an population of Islanders totaling 1000, all bearing blood group NN genotype. In time, thecastaways become integrated into Island society. Assuming random mating, no mutation, no selection (based onblood group), and no genetic drift, what would you expect the blood group distribution to be among 320 progeny ofthe new Haldane Island population? (5 pts)5. You identify a population of mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) on an island. Their coat color is controlled by a singlegene: BB mice are black, Bb mice are gray, and bb mice are white. You take a census of the population and recordthe following numbers of mice:Black 1156Gray 408White 36(a) What are the frequencies of the two alleles? (4 pts)(b) What are the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium frequencies for these three phenotypes? (4 pts)(c) A heat wave hits the island. All mice with black fur die from heat stroke, but the other mice survive. What are the newallele frequencies for the population? (4 pts)(d) If the population suffers no further cataclysms after the heat wave, and the surviving animals mate randomly, what willbe the frequency of mice with black fur in the next generation? (4 pts)(e) If the climate is altered permanently, so that mice with black fur die before reproducing, which following statement iscorrect? (5 pts)(1) At Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, f(B) will equal 0.135.(2) The fitness of mice with gray fur (?Bb) must be equal to 0.5.(3) The fitness of mice with black fur (?BB) is 0.(4) The B allele will disappear from the population in one generation.(5) The B allele will disappear from the population in two generations.6. Which of the following are requirements for evolution by natural selection? Explain your answer. (8 pts)I Environmental changeII Differential survival and reproductionIII Heritability of phenotypic variationIV Variation in phenotypeV Sexual reproductionA) II, III, VB) II, III, IVC) I, II, IVD) III, IV, VE) II, IV, V7. Which of the following processes is the source of genetic variation within populations? (8 pts)A) Reproductive IsolationB) MutationC) SelectionD) Asexual reproductionE) Genetic driftExplain your answer including a description of the impact of each on genetic variation.8. If the population (17,377 in 2018) of folks in Perry, GA, had an f(a) = 0.2 and folks in Valdosta, GA, has a f(a) = 0.6,then how many people from Valdosta, GA, would have to migrate to Perry to increase the population toapproximately f(a) = 0.3? (5 pts, remember, you can’t have fractional people)9. What is the Ne of a population with the following annual censuses, [note: the drop in size due to 2010 and 2011 beingextreme drought years]? (5 pts)2008: 97302009: 88102010: 36532011: 4202012: 942013: 15602014: 56502015: 87002016: 97002017: 121102018: 150602019: 3078910. Consider the following populations that have the genotypes shown in the following table:Population AA Aa aa1 1.0 0.0 0.02 0.0 1.0 0.03 0.25 0.50 0.254 0.25 0.25 0.505 0.333 0.333 0.3336 0.0225 0.255 0.72257 0.5929 0.3542 0.05298 0.9604 0.0392 0.0004a. What are p and q for each population? (4 pts)b. Which of the populations are in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? (4 pts)c. Populations 1 and 2 have a tree fall across their islands so that individuals can cross. If equal numbers of theindividuals occur on each island, what is the new population’s allele frequencies and genotype frequenciesafter one generation of random mating? (6 pts)d. In population 3, the a allele is less fit than the A allele, and the A allele is incompletely dominant. The resultis that AA is perfectly fit (= 1.0), Aa has a fitness of 0.8, and aa has a fitness of 0.6. With no mutation ormigration, graph the allele frequency of the a allele after 10 generations under selection (e.g., Time 0 = qabove, Time 1 = first generation after selection) (8 pts)e. In population 8, the population size gets radically reduced to 50 individuals, total. What is the most likelyfate of the “a” allele, and what genetic principle would lead you to believe that the case? (4 pts)11. You digest a linear piece of DNA with two restriction enzymes, BamH1 & Sma1, and get the following sizedfragments (in kb [kilobases]) (10 pts):BamH1 Xho1 BamH1 & Xho110 kb 12 kb 8 kb6 kb 8 kb 6 kb4 kb 4 kb2 kbDraw the appropriate restriction fragment map based on this data labeling all restriction sites

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