LIST THE ANATOMIC COMPONENTS COMPRISING THE LOWER MOTOR NEURON (LMN) UNIT AND DESCRIBE NORMAL NEUROMUSCULAR TRANSMISSION

a) List the anatomic components comprising the lower motor neuron (LMN) unit
and describe normal neuromuscular transmission. (14 marks)
b) Discuss the utility and application of electrodiagnostic studies in evaluating
patients with neuromuscular disease. (14 marks)
c) For both of the following conditions, explain the aetiopathogenesis of disease
and where the primary defect in lower motor neuron transmission occurs:
i. feline diabetic neuropathy (10 marks)
ii. acute canine polyradiculoneuritis. (10 marks)
2. Answer all parts of this question:
a) Describe the normal pulmonary circulation and outline factors that contribute to
both the regulation of pulmonary arterial pressure in health, and the development
of pulmonary hypertension. (14 marks)
b) Outline the aetiopathogenic classification system for pulmonary hypertension
and for each category explain the mechanism(s) that contribute to development
of hypertension using disease examples. (16 marks)
c) Explain the methods and principles of indirect screening tests for pulmonary
hypertension. For each screening test identified, indicate the findings that would
support a diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension. (18 marks)
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Small Animal Medicine Paper 1 Page 3 of 4
© 2015 The Australian and New Zealand College of Veterinary Scientists ABN 00 50 000894 208
3. Answer both parts of this question:
a) Define ‘self-tolerance’ and discuss the mechanisms that produce and maintain
T and B lymphocyte tolerance in normal individuals. (30 marks)
b) Define the terms ‘molecular mimicry’, ‘cryptic antigens’ and ‘bystander effect’
and explain how each of these may contribute to the development of
autoimmunity. For each of these mechanisms, provide a unique example of an
infectious disease that may trigger loss of tolerance. (18 marks)
4. Answer all parts of this question:
a) Describe the anatomy of the glomerular filtration barrier and describe factors
that determine the passage of substances across this filter. (12 marks)
b) Outline the aetiopathogenesis and describe the expected diagnostic features in
renal biopsy specimens for each of the following glomerulonepritides:
(18 marks)
i. membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
ii. amyloidosis
iii. hereditary nephropathy.
c) Explain the pathogenesis of the following complications associated with protein
losing nephropathies: (18 marks)
i. oedema
ii. thromboembolism

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