MORALITY IN THE YOUNG CHILD

· STANDARDS OF MORALITY

· MILESTONES OF MORALITY

· THEORIES

Morality in the young child is centered around the development of the conscience, which is one of the superegos addressed earlier in this lesson.

Psychoanalytic Theory

Psychoanalytic Theory, developed by Sigmund Freud, stresses the emotional side of conscience development, especially identification and guilt as motivators of good conduct. This occurs in stages.

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· A child obeys superego to avoid guilt, a painful emotion experienced when a child is tempted to misbehave.

Social Learning Theory

Social Learning Theory focuses on how moral behavior is learned through reinforcement and modeling. Unlike the psychoanalytic theory, it does not have unique stages; rather, morality is acquired gradually like other sets of responses

OPERANT CONDITIONING

MODELING

CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD MODEL

CONSEQUENCES OF INADEQUATE MODELS

Cognitive Developmental Theory

· THINKING AND REASONING

· SOME RULES ARE MORE IMPORTANT

· SOME CHOICES ARE NEITHER GOOD NOR BAD

· RIGID MORAL REASONING

Cognitive Development Theory emphasizes thinking and a child’s ability to reason about justice and fairness and other social rules. By preschool, children make moral judgments about what is right or wrong. Sometimes, children have well-developed ideas, like whether a person intentionally wants to hurt or frighten or embarrass another. They understand that this individual is more deserving of punishment, compared to the child that unintentionally does one of those things (hurt or embarrass). Children approve of telling truth and disapprove of lying.

Gender-Role Development

Gender role development revolves around the child’s perception of the characteristics and behaviors identified with being a female or male. Children identify with a specific gender role based on both biological and environmental factors and influences.

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