Question 1. Locate the arguments in the passages provided. Rewrite the argument clearly and identify the explicit premises. Then, determine whether the conclusion follows from the premises.

• It is clear that we should legalize gay marriage. It is a core value of our society that marriage is an important institution. As such, we believe that there should be more marriages, not fewer. If we legalize gay marriage, there will be more marriages than there are now. So, if we value marriage, we should legalize gay marriage.
• In Trenton, Philadelphia, and New York city, the rate of violent rose in 2012, so it is likely that it rose in the nation as a whole. Because this is so, we should ban handguns

Question 2. Identify whether there are any implicit premises in the arguments provided. If there are, add them to the arguments. Then, determine whether the conclusion follows from the full set of premises, both explicit and implicit.

• American universities are eroding their public support. Any social institution that spends beyond the willingness of the public to pay is eroding its public support.
• If you tell lies frequently, then you must remember not only what you have done but what you said you have done. therefore, if you tell lies frequently, your memory becomes burdened.

Question 3. the following passage entitled Why Gay Marriage Should Remain Illegal in Certain States, and then answer the following questions.

Why Gay Marriage Should Remain Illegal in Certain States

If we prohibit marriage between same-sex couples, we will maintain the institution of marriage as it was intended to be—between a man and a woman for the purpose of love, commitment, and reproduction. It is clear that the institution of marriage is maintained, because people are getting married out of love, to express their commitment for each other, and are having children at a faster rate than ever. Because these are valuable goals, we should continue to ban gay marriage to continue our success in maintaining this important institution.

In order for this argument to be sound, what must be the case?

Question 4. Read the following passage entitled Why Gay Marriage Should Remain Illegal in Certain States, and then answer the following questions:

Why Gay Marriage Should Remain Illegal in Certain States If we prohibit marriage between same-sex couples, we will maintain the institution of marriage as it was intended to be—between a man and a woman for the purpose of love, commitment, and reproduction. It is clear that the institution of marriage is maintained, because people are getting married out of love, to express their commitment for each other, and are having children at a faster rate than ever. Because these are valuable goals, we should continue to ban gay marriage to continue our success in maintaining this important institution.

Put the argument in standard form. Is the argument valid or invalid? Explain.

Question 5. Identify the vague or ambiguous language. Then clarify the language.

• The war on drugs continues.
• The average American Family has 3.2 members.

Question 6. Assess the following argument. Put it into standard form, and clarify vague or unclear language.

Space cannot be expanding unless it is finite. But space is not finite. Hence, space cannot be expanding

Question 7. Identify whether the argument presented is a deductive argument or a nonreductive argument. Explain your choice.

• You can see that this car will be very reliable, because this make of car has a well-deserved reputation for reliability
• Every time I have waited until the fall to buy summer clothes, I have gotten great deals on them in sales. because you want a cheap wardrobe, you wait until the fall to buy your clothes too.

Question 8. Write a two-page essay that critiques the following statement. The essay should contain an introduction, thesis, body, and conclusion. It may include a standard form of the argument, it may identify and address a fallacy, and it may critique a theory. All methods are open for utilization in the critique.

The human mind is just like a computer.

Question 9. Read the following passage entitled Why Gay Marriage Should Remain Illegal in Certain States, and then answer the following questions:

Why Gay Marriage Should Remain Illegal in Certain States If we prohibit marriage between same-sex couples, we will maintain the institution of marriage as it was intended to be—between a man and a woman for the purpose of love, commitment, and reproduction. It is clear that the institution of marriage is maintained, because people are getting married out of love, to express their commitment for each other, and are having children at a faster rate than ever. Because these are valuable goals, we should continue to ban gay marriage to continue our success in maintaining this important institution

Put the argument in standard form. What does the soundness of this argument depend on? What is the mistake of this argument?

Question 10. Define the arguments that is presented below. Explain how it differs from a deductive argument. Explain the requirements that must be met for it to be successful.

• Last year, I had a professor who came from Scotland. His classes were very boring. I’m never taking a class from a Scotland professor again.
• Every time there is a solar flare the crops fail. So, it’s clear that solar flares cause crop failures

Question 11. Critique the sampling argument.

Every college on the East Coast where I’ve been a student emphasizes classical thought, so it’s pretty obvious that classical thought is a bigger concern there

Question 12. Offer an alternative theory to the ones presented to explain the phenomenon in question.

• The rate of sexually transmitted diseases increases during the grades when students are exposed to sex education. Therefore, sex education encourages students to experiment sexually and transmit diseases.
• Living standards increased during the 1980s in the United States as a result of an increase in government- provided welfare programs.

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