The bipolar disorder is characterized by unstable mood swings that come in episodes and the condition is now considered as a spectrum of disorders.

Bi polar disorder in Children

The bipolar disorder in children has been neglected over the past half century despite reports of children suffering from melancholia and exaggerated moods (mania). This negligence had left psychiatrists with the belief that diagnosis of this disorder could not be done before puberty. They also believed that the disorder was less likely to occur at that age. In recent times, bias against bipolar disorder diagnosis among the youth has been increased by the absence of a universally acceptable criterion for diagnosis that could characterize the disorder accurately as it presents in childhood. Recent clinical reports have shown acceptance of the fact that this disorder can be diagnosed in youth.

The bipolar disorder is characterized by unstable mood swings that come in episodes and the condition is now considered as a spectrum of disorders. Patients with the disorder exhibit cyclic changes in the mood form manic states to depression. There are other forms which may involve depression with hypo mania or hypo mania with no traces of depression but with depressed moods. Current diagnostic systems suggest that to capture the variations of the disorder on theme different nosologies should be used though they are quite similar to those used in the past. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, advances four subtypes of the disorder, being Bipolar I, Bipolar II, BPD-NOS and Cyclothymia.

The only way to diagnose the disorders would therefore be to know the subtypes. Bipolar I has subtypes that include a lone episode of mania and lack of a history of depression, another subtype has a history of mania and the history of major depression or still yet its presence. In Bipolar I, there can also be the presence of mixed states, the history of mania and the presence of major depression. Bipolar disorder II can be diagnosed by the sighting of a sole depressive episode and at least a single hypo manic episode. To diagnose Cyclothymia, the clinician has to observe more than one episode of hypo mania and also several episodes of moods that are depressed. If the depressive moods are absent, there could also be loss of interest or pleasure, episodes that do not qualify as major depression. BPD-NOS is the disorder characterized by hypo manic features coupled with mixed episodes that fail to meet the criteria of diagnosis of any other subtype of the bipolar disorder. In the international classification of the bipolar disorder (ICD-10), the terms used are bipolar affective disorder, other affective disorder, bipolar disorder unspecified and Cyclothymia.

There has been enormous progress in the clinicians’ understanding of the treatment of children with the bipolar disorder in the past decade. The number of controlled treatments studies of manic traits in children in particular has increased in effect increasing the understanding of treatment options. It is unsurprising that medications form the basis for the treatment of this disorder bearing the fact that it is genetic and the neurotransmitter correlates of its exhibitions. The treatment with the strongest research support is lithium and it has been recommended as a first choice. It is the only treatment that has shown to reduce suicidality. It is however unfortunate that there are so many people who report side effects of the treatment including memory loss, tremors, thirst and a number of others. There are other treatments with lesser side effects like Depakote which reduce the symptoms. The use of psychotherapy has also shown effect in reducing depression.

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