Which of the following is NOT a primary tax authority?
Treasury Regulation
Revenue Ruling
a Tax Court Memorandum decision
an IRS publication
Congress’ authority to enact an income tax was established by…
Article III of the Constitution.
the Sixteenth Amendment.
the Bill of Rights.
the Declaration of Independence.
Which of the following has the highest authoritative weight?
Treasury regulation
Private letter ruling
Revenue Ruling
Revenue Procedure
Which judicial doctrine means that a court will rule consistently with its previous rulings and the rulings of higher courts with appellate jurisdiction?
judicial hierarchy
the Goldman rule
judicial consistency
stare decisis
Which type of Treasury regulation has the highest authoritative weight?
an interpretive regulation
a procedural regulation
a legislative regulation
None, all have the same level of authority.
Sec. 162(a)(2) is a reference to…
Treasury Regulation number 162, section A, subsection 2.
Code section 162, subsection a, paragraph 2.
Code section 162, clause a, sub clause 2.
Section 162(a)(2) of the compendium of Tax Court decisions.
In order to determine whether tax authorities cited are still valid and up to date, an individual doing tax research will consult…
an annotated tax service.
a topical tax service.
a citator.
IRS notices.
Criterion 2
As a general rule individual taxpayers are required to file a tax return if…
they receive a W-2 and have federal tax withheld
they are not a dependent of another taxpayer.
their gross income is more than the standard deduction and personal exemption amounts for their filing status.
their gross income is more than the standard deduction and the personal and dependency exemption amounts claimed on their return.
Which of the following shows the correct relationship among standard deduction amounts for the respective filing statuses?
Single > Head of Household > Married Filing Jointly
Married Filing Jointly > Married Filing Separately > Head of Household
Married Filing Jointly > Head of Household > Single
Head of Household > Married Filing Separately > Married Filing Jointly
John and Mary’s divorce become final on December 15. Neither of them remarried, and neither of them has any children. Their tax filing status should be…
married filing separately.
married filing jointly.
either a or b
single
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